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Who Is The Most Decorated Soldier World War 2

Written By Friday, May 20, 2022 Add Comment Edit

US Army officer and player (1925–1971)

Audie Murphy
Audie Murphy.jpg

Audie Potato photographed in 1948 wearing the U.S. Army khaki "Grade A" (tropical service) compatible with full-size medals.
Birth name Audie Leon Murphy
Born (1925-06-20)20 June 1925[ALM 1]
Kingston, Texas, U.S.
Died 28 May 1971(1971-05-28) (anile 45)
Brush Mount, almost Catawba, Craig County, Virginia, U.Southward.
Buried

Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance United states of america of America
Service/branch
  • Flag of the United States Army.svg Us Army
  • Seal of the United States Army National Guard.svg U.s. Army National Guard
  • Seal of the United States Army Reserve.svg United States Army Reserve
Years of service
  • 1942–45 (U.South. Ground forces)
  • 1950–66 (Texas Army National Guard)
  • 1966–69 (U.S. Regular army Reserves)
Rank
  • US-O2 insignia.svg First Lieutenant (U.S.)
  • Major insignia.png Major (Texas Army National Guard)
Service number
  • 18083707 (as enlisted homo)[i]
  • 01692509 (as officer)[two] [1]
Unit
  • 15th Infantry Regiment (United States) Coat of arms.png 15th Infantry Regiment
  • 3rd Infantry Division CSIB.png third Infantry Division (US)
  • 36th Infantry Division CSIB.svg 36th Infantry Division (Texas Army National Guard)
Battles/wars
  • World War Ii
  • Tunisia
  • Sicily
  • Naples-Foggia
  • Anzio
  • Rome-Arno
  • Southern France
  • Ardennes-Alsace
  • Rhineland
  • Central Europe
Awards
  • Medal of Honor ribbon.svg Medal of Honor
  • Distinguished Service Cross ribbon.svg Distinguished Service Cross
  • Silver Star ribbon.svg Silver Star Medal (2)
  • Legion of Merit ribbon.svg Legion of Merit
  • Bronze Star ribbon.svg Bronze Star (2, i "V" device)
  • Purple Heart BAR.svg Purple Heart (3)
  • Army Good Conduct Medal ribbon.svg Army Good Conduct Medal
  • United States Army and U.S. Air Force Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.svg Distinguished Unit of measurement Citation (2)
  • American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg American Campaign Medal
  • European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (9 campaigns, arrowhead device)
  • World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg World War II Victory Medal
  • Army of Occupation ribbon.svg Army of Occupation Medal with Deutschland clasp
  • Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg French Legion of Honour (grade of Chevalier)
  • Ruban de la croix de guerre 1939-1945.PNG French Croix de Guerre with silver star
  • Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with palm (France) - ribbon bar.png French Croix de Guerre with palm (iii)
  • Croix de Guerre 1940-1945 with palm (Belgium) - ribbon bar.png Belgian Croix de Guerre with palm
  • Fourragère CG.png French fourragère in colors of the Croix de Guerre
  • Combat Infantry Badge.svg Combat Infantryman Badge
  • Markesman Weapons Qual Badge.png Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar
  • ArmyQualExpert.JPG Good Badge with Bayonet Component Bar
  • USA - Army Outstanding Civilian Service Award.png Outstanding Civilian Service Medal
  • Texas Legislative Medal of Honor Ribbon.svg Texas Legislative Medal of Honor
Other work Actor, songwriter, rancher
Signature Audie Murphy
Website Audie L. Murphy

Audie Leon Tater (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was an American soldier, actor, songwriter, and rancher. He was 1 of the most decorated American combat soldiers of Globe War Ii. He received every armed services gainsay award for valor available from the U.S. Ground forces, equally well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at the age of 19 for single-handedly holding off a company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in Jan 1945, then leading a successful counterattack while wounded and out of ammunition.

Murphy was built-in into a big family of sharecroppers in Hunt County, Texas. His father abandoned them, and his mother died when he was a teenager. Murphy left schoolhouse in fifth class to pick cotton and find other work to assist support his family; his skill with a hunting rifle helped feed his family.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Murphy's older sister helped him to falsify documentation near his birthdate in order to meet the minimum age requirement for enlisting in the military. Turned downward initially for being underweight past the Army, Navy and the Marine Corps, he eventually was able to enlist in the Ground forces. He first saw action in the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily; then in 1944 he participated in the Battle of Anzio, the liberation of Rome, and the invasion of southern France. Murphy fought at Montélimar and led his men on a successful assault at L'Omet quarry near Cleurie in north-eastern French republic in Oct.

After the war, Murphy embarked on a 21-year interim career. He played himself in the 1955 autobiographical film To Hell and Back, based on his 1949 memoirs of the same name, but near of his roles were in westerns. He fabricated guest appearances on celebrity television shows and starred in the series Whispering Smith. Murphy was a fairly accomplished songwriter. He bred quarter horses in California and Arizona, and became a regular participant in equus caballus racing.

Suffering from what would today be described as postal service traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), White potato slept with a loaded handgun under his pillow. He looked for solace in addictive sleeping pills. In his concluding few years, he was plagued past money problems but refused offers to appear in booze and cigarette commercials considering he did not desire to set up a bad instance. Murphy died in a plane crash in Virginia in 1971, shortly before his 46th birthday. He was interred with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery, where his grave is i of the virtually visited.

Early life

Audie Irish potato was built-in on 20 June 1925, in Kingston, a pocket-size rural customs in Hunt County in northeastern Texas.[ALM 1] He was the seventh of twelve children born to Emmett Berry Spud (1887–1976) and his wife Josie Bell Potato (née Killian; 1891–1941). The Murphys were sharecroppers of Irish gaelic descent.[seven]

Every bit a kid, White potato was a loner with mood swings and an explosive temper.[8] He grew up in northeastern Texas effectually the towns of Farmersville, Greenville, and Celeste, where he attended elementary schoolhouse.[9] His father drifted in and out of the family'due south life and eventually deserted them. Irish potato dropped out of school in fifth grade and got a job picking cotton fiber for a dollar a solar day (equivalent to $20 in 2021) to help back up his family; he also became skilled with a rifle, hunting small-scale game to aid feed them. After his mother died of endocarditis and pneumonia[x] in 1941, he worked at a radio repair shop and at a combination general store, garage and gas station in Greenville.[eleven] Hunt County authorities placed his three youngest siblings in Boles Children'south Habitation,[12] a Christian orphanage in Quinlan. After the war, he bought a firm in Farmersville for his eldest sis Corinne and her husband, Poland Burns. His other siblings briefly shared the home.[xiii]

The loss of his mother stayed with Murphy throughout his life. He later stated:

She died when I was xvi. She had the near beautiful hair I've ever seen. It reached almost to the floor. She rarely talked; and always seemed to be searching for something. What it was I don't know. We didn't discuss our feelings. But when she passed away, she took something of me with her. It seems I've been searching for it always since.[14]

Earth State of war II service

Murphy had ever wanted to be a soldier. After the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he tried to enlist,[xi] but the Ground forces, Navy and Marine Corps all turned him downwards for existence underweight and underage. Later on his sis provided an affidavit that falsified his birth date past a yr, he was accepted by the U.S. Regular army on 30 June 1942.[ALM 1] [ALM 2] After basic preparation at Camp Wolters,[19] he was sent to Fort Meade for advanced infantry training.[20] During bones training, he earned the Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar and Expert Badge with Bayonet Component Bar.[21]

Mediterranean Theater

Irish potato was shipped to Casablanca in French Morocco on twenty Feb 1943. He was assigned to Company B, 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division, which trained nether the command of Major General Lucian Truscott.[22] [23] After the 13 May surrender of the Axis forces in French Tunisia,[24] the segmentation was put in accuse of the prisoners.[25] He participated as a platoon messenger with his division at Arzew in Algeria in rigorous grooming for the Allied assault landings in Sicily.[26] Irish potato was promoted to individual first form on seven May and corporal on fifteen July.[27] [28]

When the 3rd Infantry landed at Licata, Sicily, on 10 July, Potato was a segmentation runner.[29] [30] On a scouting patrol, he killed ii fleeing Italian officers most Canicattì.[31] Sidelined with illness for a week when Company B arrived in Palermo on xx July,[32] he rejoined them when they were assigned to a hillside location protecting a machine-gun emplacement, while the rest of the third Infantry Division fought at San Fratello en route to the Allied capture of the transit port of Messina.[33]

Murphy participated in the September 1943 mainland Salerno landing at Battipaglia.[34] While on a scouting political party along the Volturno River, he and two other soldiers were ambushed; German language machine gun fire killed ane soldier. Spud and the other survivor responded by killing v Germans with manus grenades and car gun fire.[35] While taking part in the October Allied set on on the Volturno Line,[34] [36] almost Mignano Monte Lungo Colina 193, he and his visitor repelled an attack by seven German soldiers, killing 3 and taking 4 prisoner.[37] Murphy was promoted to sergeant on 13 December.[38]

In January 1944, Murphy was promoted to staff sergeant.[38] He was hospitalized in Naples with malaria on 21 January and was unable to participate in the initial landing at the Anzio beachhead.[39] He returned on 29 January and participated in the First Boxing of Cisterna,[xl] [41] and was made a platoon sergeant in Visitor B following the boxing.[42] He returned with the third Division to Anzio, where they remained four months.[43] Taking shelter from the weather in an abased farmhouse on ii March, Murphy and his platoon killed the coiffure of a passing German tank.[44] He then crawled out alone close enough to destroy the tank with rifle grenades, for which he received the Statuary Star with "V" device.[45] [46]

Murphy continued to make scouting patrols to accept High german prisoners before existence hospitalized for a week on thirteen March with a second bout of malaria. Threescore-one infantry officers and enlisted men of Company B, 15th Infantry, including Murphy, were awarded the Combat Infantryman Bluecoat on 8 May.[47]

Irish potato was awarded a Statuary Oak Leaf Cluster for his Bronze Star.[48] [49] American forces liberated Rome on 4 June, and White potato remained bivouacked in Rome with his platoon throughout July.[l]

European Theater

During the commencement wave of the Allied invasion of southern France, Murphy received the Distinguished Service Cantankerous[51] [52] for action taken on fifteen August 1944.[53] Later on landing on Yellow Beach about Ramatuelle,[54] Murphy's platoon was making its way through a vineyard when the men were attacked by High german soldiers. He retrieved a machine gun that had been detached from the squad and returned fire at the German soldiers, killing two and wounding ane.[54] Two Germans exited a house about 100 yards (91 m) away and appeared to surrender; when Murphy'south best friend responded, they shot and killed him. Murphy advanced alone on the business firm under directly burn. He killed six, wounded two and took 11 prisoner.[54]

Murphy was with the 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment during the 27–28 August offensive at Montélimar that secured the area from the Germans.[53] [55] Forth with the other soldiers who took part in the activity, he received the Presidential Unit Commendation.[56]

Tater's first Purple Eye was for a heel wound received in a mortar beat out nail on 15 September 1944 in northeastern France.[57] [58] [59] His kickoff Silver Star came after he killed 4 and wounded iii at a German machine gun position on 2 October at L'Omet quarry in the Cleurie valley.[51] 3 days afterwards, Murphy crawled alone towards the Germans at Fifty'Omet, carrying an SCR-536 radio and directing his men for an hour while the Germans fired directly at him. When his men finally took the hill, 15 Germans had been killed and 35 wounded. Potato's actions earned him a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Argent Star.[60] He was awarded a battlefield commission to 2nd lieutenant on xiv October, which elevated him to platoon leader.[61] While en route to Brouvelieures on 26 October, the 3rd Platoon of Company B was attacked past a German language sniper group. Irish potato captured two before beingness shot in the hip by a sniper; he returned fire and shot the sniper between the eyes. At the 3rd General Hospital at Aix-en-Provence,[62] the removal of gangrene from the wound caused partial loss of his hip muscle and kept him out of combat until January.[51] Murphy received his first Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster for his Purple Centre for this injury.[63] [64]

The Colmar Pocket, 850 square miles (2,200 kmii) in the Vosges Mountains, had been held past German language troops since November 1944.[65] On fourteen January 1945, Irish potato rejoined his platoon, which had been moved to the Colmar surface area in December.[66] He moved with the 3rd Division on 24 January to the town of Holtzwihr, where they faced a strong German counterattack.[67] He was wounded in both legs, for which he received a second Bronze Oak Foliage Cluster for his Imperial Heart.[68] As the company awaited reinforcements on 26 January, he was made commander of Company B.[69]

The Germans scored a directly hitting on an M10 tank destroyer, setting information technology alight, forcing the coiffure to abandon it.[70] White potato ordered his men to retreat to positions in the woods, remaining solitary at his post, shooting his M1 carbine and directing artillery fire via his field radio while the Germans aimed fire directly at his position.[71] Murphy mounted the abased, burning tank destroyer and began firing its .50 caliber machine gun at the advancing Germans, killing a squad crawling through a ditch towards him.[72] For an hour, Murphy stood on the flaming tank destroyer returning German burn down from foot soldiers and advancing tanks, killing or wounding 50 Germans. He sustained a leg wound during his stand, and stopped only after he ran out of ammunition. Potato rejoined his men, disregarding his own injury, and led them back to repel the Germans. He insisted on remaining with his men while his wounds were treated.[70]

For his deportment that 24-hour interval, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.[73] The third Infantry Division was awarded the Presidential Unit of measurement Citation for its actions at the Colmar Pocket, giving Murphy a Statuary Oak Leaf Cluster for the emblem.[74]

On sixteen Feb, Murphy was promoted to first lieutenant[75] and was awarded the Legion of Merit for his service from 22 January 1944 to 18 Feb 1945.[76] He was moved from the forepart lines to Regimental Headquarters and made a liaison officer.[77]

Decorations

Ground forces version of the Medal of Honor

The U.s. additionally honored Murphy's war contributions with the American Campaign Medal,[78] the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with arrowhead device and nine campaign stars, the World War II Victory Medal,[78] and the Ground forces of Occupation Medal with Germany Clasp.[46] [78] France recognized his service with the French Legion of Honour – Grade of Chevalier,[79] the French Croix de guerre with Silverish Star,[eighty] the French Croix de guerre with Palm,[81] the French Liberation Medal[46] [78] and the French Fourragère in Colors of the Croix de guerre,[46] which was authorized for all members of the third Infantry Division who fought in France during World War 2. Belgium awarded Irish potato the Belgian Croix de guerre with 1940 Palm.[81]

Brigadier Full general Ralph B. Lovett and Lieutenant Colonel Hallet D. Edson recommended Murphy for the Medal of Honor.[82] [83] Virtually Salzburg, Austria on 2 June 1945,[84] Lieutenant Full general A.M. Patch[13] presented Tater with the Medal of Honour and Legion of Merit for his deportment at Holtzwihr. When asked after the war why he had seized the car gun and taken on an entire company of German language infantry, he replied, "They were killing my friends."[85]

Murphy received every U.South. military combat laurels for valor available from the U.Southward. Army for his World State of war Two service.[ALM iii]

Postwar military service

Inquiries were made through official channels about the prospect of Murphy attending West Point upon his return to the United States, but he never enrolled.[6] [88] According to writer Don Graham, Murphy suggested the thought and then dropped it, possibly when he realized the extent of academic preparation needed to pass the archway exam.[89]

Murphy was one of several war machine personnel who received orders on viii June 1945 to written report to Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas, for temporary duty and reassignment.[half-dozen] [88] Upon arrival on 13 June, he was 1 of four assigned to Fort Sam Houston Army Basis & Services Redistribution Station and sent home for xxx days of recuperation, with permission to travel anywhere within the U.s. during that menstruum.[6] While on exit, Murphy was feted with parades, banquets, and speeches.[90] He received a belated Skillful Conduct Medal on 21 Baronial.[91]

He was discharged with the rank of first lieutenant at a 50 percent inability classification on 21 September and transferred to the Officers' Reserve Corps.[ALM 4]

Post-traumatic stress

Since his war machine service, Murphy had been plagued with indisposition and bouts of depression, and he slept with a loaded pistol nether his pillow.[93] [94] A mail service-service medical exam on 17 June 1947 revealed symptoms of headaches, airsickness, and nightmares about the war. His medical records indicated that he took sleeping pills to aid prevent nightmares.[95] During the mid-1960s, he recognized his dependence on the allaying Placidyl, and locked himself lonely in a hotel room for a week to successfully break the addiction.[13] Mail-traumatic stress levels exacerbated his innate moodiness,[viii] and surfaced in episodes that friends and professional colleagues found alarming.[96] His offset wife, Dixie Wanda Hendrix, claimed he once held her at gunpoint.[97] She witnessed her married man existence guilt-ridden and tearful over newsreel footage of German language war orphans.[98] Murphy briefly found a creative stress outlet in writing verse after his Army discharge. His poem "The Crosses Grow on Anzio" appeared in his book To Hell and Back,[99] merely was attributed to the fictitious grapheme Kerrigan.[100]

To draw attention to the problems of returning Korean State of war and Vietnam War veterans, Murphy spoke out candidly about his own problems with posttraumatic stress disorder.[101] It was known during Murphy's lifetime every bit "boxing fatigue" and "shell shock", terminology that dated back to Globe War I. He called on the authorities to give increased consideration and written report to the emotional impact of gainsay experiences, and to extend wellness care benefits to war veterans.[102] [103] As a result of legislation introduced past U.S. Congressman Olin Teague five months after Murphy's death in 1971, the Audie 50. Tater Memorial VA Hospital[104] in San Antonio, now a part of the Southward Texas Veterans Wellness Care System, was dedicated in 1973.[105] [106]

Texas Regular army National Guard

At the end of World War II, the 36th Infantry Division reverted to country control as part of the Texas Ground forces National Guard,[107] and White potato'south friends, Major General H. Miller Ainsworth and Brigadier Full general Carl Fifty. Phinney, were the 36th's commander and deputy commander respectively. After 25 June 1950 start of the Korean War, Murphy began a 2nd military career and was commissioned as a captain in the 36th Infantry Segmentation of the Texas Regular army National Guard.[108] [109] He drilled new recruits in the summer training camps, and granted the Baby-sit permission to use his proper noun and image in recruiting materials.[110] Although he wanted to join the fighting and juggled training activities with his pic career, the 36th Infantry Sectionalization was never sent to Korea.[111] [112]

At his request, he transferred to inactive status on 1 October 1951 considering of his film commitments with MGM Studios, and returned to active status in 1955. Potato was promoted to the rank of major by the Texas Army National Guard in 1956 and returned to inactive status in 1957.[113] In 1969, his official separation from the Baby-sit transferred him to the The states Army Reserve.[114] He remained with the USAR until his transfer to the Retired Reserve in 1969.[115]

Flick career

During an acting career spanning from 1948 to 1969, Murphy made more than than 40 characteristic films and one television series.[ALM 5] When actor and producer James Cagney saw the sixteen July 1945 issue of Life mag depicting Tater as the "virtually decorated soldier",[87] he brought him to Hollywood. Cagney and his brother William signed him as a contract player for their production company and gave him training in acting, voice and dance. They never cast Tater in a movie and a personal disagreement ended the association in 1947.[117] Potato afterwards worked with acting bus Estelle Harman, and honed his diction by reciting dialogue from William Shakespeare and William Saroyan.[118]

Potato moved into Terry Chase's Athletic Guild in Hollywood where he lived until 1948.[119] [120] Hollywood writer David "Spec" McClure befriended Murphy, collaborating with him on Murphy's 1949 book To Hell and Back.[121] McClure used his connections to get a $500 (equivalent to $6,000 in 2021) fleck part in Texas, Brooklyn & Heaven (1948) for Spud.[122] The agent of Wanda Hendrix, whom Murphy had been dating since 1946,[123] got him a fleck part in the Alan Ladd moving picture Beyond Celebrity directed by John Farrow earlier that same year.[124] His 1949 motion picture Bad Boy gave him his first leading role.[125] The picture'due south financial backers refused to backing the project unless Irish potato was given the lead;[126] thus, Centrolineal Artists put aside their reservations about using an inexperienced actor and gave him the starring role.[127]

White potato in The Red Badge of Courage

Universal Studios signed Irish potato to a seven-year studio contract at $2,500 a week (equivalent to $28,200 in 2021).[128] [129] His first film for them was as Baton the Child in The Child from Texas in 1950. He wrapped up that year making Sierra starring Wanda Hendrix, who by that time had become his wife,[130] and Kansas Raiders every bit outlaw Jesse James. Universal lent him to MGM in 1951 at a salary of $25,000[131] to play the lead of The Youth[ALM vi] in The Red Badge of Courage, directed by John Huston.[133] Murphy and Huston worked together again in the 1960 film The Unforgiven.[134]

The only motion-picture show Tater made in 1952 was The Duel at Silver Creek with director Don Siegel. Murphy worked with Siegel one more fourth dimension in 1958 for The Gun Runners. In 1953, he starred in Frederick de Cordova's Column South,[135] and played Jim Harvey in Nathan Juran'south Tumbleweed, an adaptation of the Kenneth Perkins novel Three Were Renegades.[136] [137] Director Nathan Juran too directed Gunsmoke and Drums Across the River.[138] George Marshall directed Murphy in the 1954 Destry, a remake of Destry Rides Again, based on a character created by writer Max Make.[139]

Although White potato was initially reluctant to announced as himself in To Hell and Back , the 1955 adaptation of his book directed past Jesse Hibbs, he eventually agreed;[140] it became the biggest hit in the history of Universal Studios at the time.[141] [142] To help publicize the release of the film, he made guest appearances on idiot box shows such as What'due south My Line?,[ALM 7] Toast of the Town,[143] and Colgate One-act 60 minutes.[ALM 8] The Hibbs-Irish potato team proved and then successful in To Hell and Back [144] that the ii worked together on five subsequent films. The partnership resulted in Potato appearing as John Phillip Clum in the 1956 western Walk the Proud State,[145] and the non-westerns Joe Butterfly [146] and World in My Corner. They worked together for the last time in the 1958 western Ride a Crooked Trail.[147]

Joseph L. Mankiewicz hired Tater to play the titular role[ALM 9] in the 1958 motion-picture show The Placidity American.[149] Murphy formed a partnership with Harry Joe Chocolate-brown to brand three films, starting with The Guns of Fort Petticoat (1957). The partnership fell into disagreement over the remaining ii projects, and Brown filed suit against Potato.[150]

In 1957 Murphy was bandage as The Utica Kid along with James Stewart and Dan Duryea in the western Dark Passage.[151]

Potato was featured in three westerns in 1959: he starred opposite Sandra Dee in The Wild and the Innocent,[152] collaborated every bit an uncredited co-producer with Walter Mirisch on the black and white Bandage a Long Shadow, and performed every bit a hired killer in No Name on the Bullet, a flick that was well received by critics.[153] Thelma Ritter was his costar in the 1960 Startime television episode "The Homo".[154] During the early 1960s, Irish potato donated his time and otherwise lent his name and prototype for three episodes of The Large Moving-picture show television series produced by the Usa Regular army. He received the 1960 Outstanding Civilian Service Medal for his cooperation in the episode Broken Span, which featured his visits to military installations in Germany, Italy, Turkey and the U.S. state of New Mexico to showcase the armed forces's latest weaponry.[155] [156]

Writer Clair Huffaker wrote the 1961 screenplays for Spud's films Seven Ways from Sundown and Posse from Hell.[157] Willard Westward. Willingham and his wife Mary Willingham befriended Murphy in his early on days in Hollywood and worked with him on a number of projects.[158] [159] [160]

Willard was a producer on Murphy's 1961 tv series Whispering Smith,[161] and co-wrote the screenplay for Battle at Encarmine Beach that twelvemonth.[162] He collaborated on Bullet for a Badman [163] in 1964 and Arizona Raiders in 1965.[164] The Willinghams as a squad wrote the screenplay for Gunpoint [165] as well as the script for Tater's concluding starring pb in the western twoscore Guns to Apache Pass in 1967.[166] Murphy made Torso to Cairo in Israel in 1966.[167]

He offset met director Budd Boetticher when White potato requested to be his battle partner at Terry Hunt'due south Able-bodied Gild.[168] He subsequently appeared in the 1951 title office of Boetticher'due south first western The Cimarron Kid.[169] Boetticher wrote the script in 1969 for Murphy's last film, A Fourth dimension for Dying.[170] 2 other projects that Murphy and Boetticher planned to interact on – A Horse for Mr Barnum and When There's Sumpthin' to Practice – never came to fruition.[171]

Personal life

Tater married actress Wanda Hendrix in 1949.[172] Their divorce became concluding 2 years after in 1951.[173] Four days later, he married one-time airline stewardess Pamela Opal Lee Archer (seven Oct 1919/1920/1923 – 8 April 2010), with whom[174] he had 2 sons: Terry Michael (born 14 March 1952),[175] [176] and James Shannon (built-in 1954).[177]

Potato bred quarter horses at the Audie Murphy Ranch in what is at present Menifee, California, and the Murphy Ranch in Pima Canton, Arizona.[ALM 10]

His horses raced at the Del Mar Racetrack, and he invested large sums of money in the hobby.[180] White potato's gambling left his finances in a poor state. In 1968, he stated that he lost $260,000 in an Algerian oil bargain and was dealing with the Internal Acquirement Service over unpaid taxes.[181] In spite of his fiscal difficulties, Tater refused to appear in commercials for alcohol and cigarettes, mindful of the influence he would have on the youth market.[182]

In May 1970, he was arrested in Burbank, California, charged with battery and assail with intent to commit murder in a dispute with a domestic dog trainer. He was accused of firing a shot at the man, which he denied.[183] [184] Murphy was cleared of the charges.[185]

Decease and commemorations

On 28 May 1971, Murphy was killed when the individual plane in which he was a passenger crashed into Castor Mountain, nearly Catawba, Virginia, twenty miles (32 km) west of Roanoke in conditions of rain, clouds, fog and zero visibility.[186] The airplane pilot and four other passengers were as well killed.[187]

The aircraft was a twin-engine Aero Commander 680 flown past a airplane pilot who had a private-pilot license and a reported 8,000 hours of flight time, but who held no instrument rating. The shipping was recovered on 31 May.[188] After her husband's decease, Pamela Spud moved into a small apartment and got a clerk position at the Sepulveda Veterans Administration Hospital in Los Angeles, where she remained employed for 35 years.[189]

Monument at the site of the Virginia plane crash in which Audie Murphy was killed

On seven June 1971, Tater was cached with armed forces honors at Arlington National Cemetery.[190] In attendance were Ambassador to the U.North. George H. W. Bush, Army Chief of Staff William Westmoreland, and many of the 3rd Infantry Segmentation.[191] Murphy's gravesite is in Section 46, headstone number 46-366-11, located beyond Memorial Drive from the Amphitheater. A special flagstone walkway was afterwards constructed to arrange the large number of people who visit to pay their respects. It is the cemetery's second nearly-visited gravesite, afterward that of President John F. Kennedy.[192]

The headstones of Medal of Honor recipients buried at Arlington National Cemetery are normally decorated in gold foliage. Murphy previously requested that his stone remain plain and inconspicuous, similar that of an ordinary soldier.[193] The headstone contains the nascency twelvemonth 1924, based upon purportedly falsified materials among his armed forces records.[194]

In 1974, a large granite marker was erected only off the Appalachian Trail at 37°21′52″North 80°xiii′33″Due west  /  37.364554°Northward 80.225748°Due west  / 37.364554; -80.225748  (Audie Murphy monument) at iii,100' acme, near the crash site.[195]

In 1975, a courtroom awarded Spud'due south widow, Pamela, and their two children $2.5 one thousand thousand in damages because of the accident.[196]

Noncombatant honors were bestowed on Irish potato during his lifetime and posthumously, including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[197] In 2013, Irish potato was honored by his dwelling house country with the Texas Legislative Medal of Award.[ALM xi]

In 2014, the metal band Sabaton released a song titled "To Hell and Back" in reference to Audie Irish potato and his film, on their album Heroes.[202]

Song writing

David McClure, his collaborator on the book To Hell and Back, discovered White potato's talent for verse during their piece of work on the memoir when he constitute discarded verses in White potato'south Hollywood flat. I of those poems, "The Crosses Grow on Anzio", appears in To Hell and Dorsum attributed to a soldier named Kerrigan. Just 2 others survived, "Alone and Far Removed" and "Freedom Flies in Your Heart Like an Eagle". The latter was part of a speech Murphy had written at a 1968 dedication of the Alabama War Memorial in Montgomery, and later set to music by Scott Turner nether the title "Dusty Old Helmet".[203]

Irish potato was a fan of land music, in particular Bob Wills and Chet Atkins, but was non a vocalizer or musician himself.[204] Through his friend Guy Mitchell, Potato was introduced to songwriter Scott Turner in 1961.[205] [206] The two collaborated on numerous songs betwixt 1962 and 1970, the well-nigh successful of which was "Shutters and Boards" and "When the Wind Blows in Chicago".[207]

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Murphy's son Terry is the President of the Audie Murphy Inquiry Foundation, which in both its biographical sketch and Murphy Family Tree list his year of nascence equally 1925.[3] Spud's date of birth has been given as both 1924 and 1925 by Irish potato himself. He seemed to get back and along on the dates for the rest of his life. His sis, Mrs. Corinne Burns, as his nearest living kin, had signed a notarized document attesting to the birth date of twenty June 1924 that Murphy put on his enlistment application, falsifying his year of birth and then he could meet the U.S. Army age qualification for enlistment. Subsequently, all military records evidence the purportedly falsified date every bit his birth date.[4] His California driver'south license showed a birth date of 1925.[5] [6]
  2. ^ Alien information exists as to Murphy's date and place of enlistment. The Audie Fifty. Murphy Memorial website has scanned documents from the U.South. National Archives and Records Administration that include Corinne Burns' argument and Potato's "Induction Record", which shows him "Enlisted at Dallas, Texas" on xxx June 1942, and the line above information technology says "Accepted for service at Greenville, Texas". The National Annals of Historic Places List added the Greenville post part every bit historic site number 74002081 in 1974, citing information technology equally Potato's place of enlistment, possibly referring to the human action the war machine termed "Accustomed for service". The NRHP also shows his enlistment date as 20 June 1942 which might be the date he was accepted for service.[thirteen] [xv] [16] [17] [xviii]
  3. ^ Murphy's war service was gainsay-related. Therefore, he did non receive the non-combat Soldier's Medal. Human activity of Congress (Public Police force 446–69th Congress, 2 July 1926 (44 Stat. 780) established the Soldier's Medal for heroism "as defined in 10 USC 101(d), at the fourth dimension of the heroic act who distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving bodily combat with the enemy.")[86] At the end of his Earth War II service, Murphy became known as America's most decorated soldier.[87]
  4. ^ The Officers' Reserve Corps was originally one of several units of the United States Organized Reserve that also included the Enlisted Reserve Corps, Reserve Officers' Grooming Corps and the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Organized Reserve was restructured during the Korean War and renamed the United states Ground forces Reserve. The new structure was divided into the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve and Retired Reserve.[88] [92]
  5. ^ The exact count on the number of feature films Tater fabricated varies by source. The Hollywood Walk of Fame and other sources put his total number of feature films at 44.[116]
  6. ^ Henry Fleming is the Youth in Stephen Crane's novel. In the 1951 movie, Fleming is played past Murphy equally the unnamed grapheme "The Youth". Nonetheless, Fleming is addressed by name when other characters are speaking to him.[132]
  7. ^ YouTube has several uploaded versions of the 5-infinitesimal What's My Line segment that features White potato as the mystery guest. Listed as Episode dated 3 July 1955 at IMDb
  8. ^ 56-minute uploaded on YouTube as Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton One thousand Opening 1955. He appears at 28:48 and briefly talks with Hedda Hopper about how he once gave his medals abroad but had them replaced by the U.S. Regular army.
  9. ^ Alden Pyle is the American in Graham Greene'south novel. In the 1958 film, Pyle is played by Murphy as the unnamed character "The American".[148]
  10. ^ The Audie Fifty. Irish potato Memorial Website has user-generated information on an Arizona quarter horse ranch White potato purchased in 1956 and sold to Guy Mitchell in 1958.[178] While non stating that the employ of Murphy's name and image were authorized past his estate, the website of the Menifee residential development Audie Murphy Ranch claims it is the location of the ranch Murphy endemic in California.[179] Menifee was incorporated in 2008 and borders the community of Perris.
  11. ^ The actual award was presented past Governor Rick Perry to Murphy'due south family unit on 29 October 2013 at a ceremony in Farmersville, Texas.[198] [199] [200] [201]

Citations

  1. ^ a b Reyna, Charmaine (25 January 2013). "Pb From The Front: Sergeant Audie Murphy Written report Guide" (PDF). Fort Lee. pp. 20–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  2. ^ Audie Murphy'due south Medal of Honor citation (War Department Become 45, nine August 1945)
  3. ^ "BIOGRAPHY A curt biographical sketch". Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  4. ^ "Scan of original Application for Degrees, N. Hollywood Freemasons" (PDF). Audie L. Tater Memorial Website. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  5. ^ "Scan of charred California driver's license for Audie Murphy, recovered from crash site after his expiry" (PDF). Audie 50. Murphy Memorial Website. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d "Scan of service records 1942–1971" (PDF). Audie L. White potato Memorial Website. Retrieved 27 Oct 2013.
  7. ^ Graham 1989, p. 5.
  8. ^ a b Murphy 2002, pp. 4–7.
  9. ^ "Celeste, Texas". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  10. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 28.
  11. ^ a b Murphy 2002, p. 7.
  12. ^ Pocket-size, David (12 June 2010). "Boles Habitation". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  13. ^ a b c d Tate 2006, pp. 152–63.
  14. ^ Potato 2002, p. 143.
  15. ^ "Scan of Audie Murphy'due south Service Record book" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website.
  16. ^ "NRHP Greenville Post Office". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on four March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  17. ^ "The Old Greenville Post Office". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on three March 2016. Retrieved 12 Oct 2013.
  18. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 23, 24.
  19. ^ Graham 1989, p. 29.
  20. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 33–34.
  21. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 49.
  22. ^ Graham 1989, p. 36.
  23. ^ Champagne 2008, p. 41.
  24. ^ "To Bizerte with the II Corps, 23 April-13 May 1943, the Second Stage". Center of Military machine History United states Army. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
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  30. ^ "Sicily 1943". CMH Pub 72-sixteen. Center of Armed forces History Usa Army. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
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  64. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 137.
  65. ^ Clarke & Smith 1993, p. 533.
  66. ^ Graham 1989, p. 86.
  67. ^ Clarke & Smith 1993, pp. 543–44.
  68. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 153.
  69. ^ Graham 1989, p. 88.
  70. ^ a b Abramski, Pvt. First Course Anthony V. (27 February 1945). Statement describing Spud's 26 January 1945 actions at Holtzwihr. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie White potato, 1942–1945. U.S. National Athenaeum and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299775.
  71. ^ Weispfenning, First Lieutenant Walter Due west. (18 April 1945). Statement describing Murphy's January 26, 1945 actions at Holtzwihr. File Unit of measurement: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299785.
  72. ^ Ware, Kenneth Fifty. (18 April 1945). Argument describing Murphy'due south Jan 26, 1945 actions at Holtzwihr. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 19421945. U.S. National Archives and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299784.
  73. ^ "The Price of Freedom: Audie Murphy's Medal of Honour Citation". Smithsonian Museum of Natural History . Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  74. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 164.
  75. ^ Graham 1989, p. 95.
  76. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 175–76.
  77. ^ Graham 1989, p. 96.
  78. ^ a b c d "The Toll of Freedom: Americans at War". Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  79. ^ Dept. of Defense (19 July 1948). Award of the "Au Grade De Chevalier" for Spud's exceptional services rendered during operations to liberate France., 07/xix/1948. File Unit: Official Armed services Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Athenaeum and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299781.
  80. ^ Dept. of Defense (xvi April 1945). De La Croix De Guerre Honour for Murphy's services rendered during operations to liberate France. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.South. National Archives and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299782.
  81. ^ a b Simpson 1975, p. 410.
  82. ^ Edson, Lt. Colonel Hallet D. (17 February 1945). Recommendation from Lt. Colonel Hallet D. Edson, 15th Infantry, to Honor of Medal of Laurels to Lieutenant Audie L. Potato. File Unit: Official War machine Personnel File of Audie Potato, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299777.
  83. ^ Lovett, Brigadier General R.B. (12 April 1945). Recommendation from Brigadier Full general R.B. Lovett, to Lieutenant General A.One thousand. Patch, for Audie L. Murphy to be awarded the Medal of Honor and General Patch'south blessing. File Unit: Official War machine Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Assistants ARC Identifier 299783.
  84. ^ Willbanks 2011, p. 234.
  85. ^ "'War' excerpt almost Staff Sgt. Salvatore Giunta's actions". Stars and Stripes. x September 2010. Archived from the original on three Dec 2010. Oettinger, Callie (26 Jan 2011). Focus on Audie White potato. Command Posts. MacMillan. Archived from the original on 26 Feb 2011.
  86. ^ "Soldier'due south Medal" (PDF). U.S. Army Regulation 600-8-22: War machine Awards. Section of the Army Administrative Publications. 23 June 2013. affiliate two, department 2, three–fourteen. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2013.
  87. ^ a b "Life Visits Audie Murphy". Life. xvi July 1945. pp. 94–97.
  88. ^ a b c "Scan of service records 1953–1971" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
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  90. ^ Spiller & Dawson 2010, pp. 137–54, chpt Man Against Burn down: Audie Spud and His War.
  91. ^ "Scan of Audie L. Murphy signed asking for his Adept Conduct Medal, addressed to the Commanding Officeholder at Fort Sam Houston" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. 21 August 1945.
  92. ^ "Army Reserve, a Concise History" (PDF). United States Army Reserve. Archived from the original (PDF) on xvi April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  93. ^ Murphy 2002, pp. 122–24.
  94. ^ Whiting 2001, p. 224.
  95. ^ Redfern 2007, pp. 67, 68.
  96. ^ Redfern 2007, pp. 65, 67–68.
  97. ^ Curtis & Golenbock 2009, p. 119.
  98. ^ Graham 1989, p. 183.
  99. ^ Murphy 2002, p. 125.
  100. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 373–76.
  101. ^ Redfern 2007, p. 60.
  102. ^ Rosen 2012, pp. 149–51.
  103. ^ O'Reilly 2010, pp. 163–65.
  104. ^ "Audie 50. Potato Memorial VA Hospital". U.South. Section of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved xi January 2014.
  105. ^ "About the South Texas Veterans Health Care System (STVHCS)". U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 12 Oct 2013.
  106. ^ Teague, Congressman Olin (13 Oct 1971). "Designating the Veteran's Assistants Infirmary in San Antonio Texas As the Audie L. Irish potato Veterans' Memorial Hospital". Congressional Record. Washington, D.C.: Audie L. Potato Memorial Website.
  107. ^ Dawson Three, Joseph Yard. (15 June 2010). "Xxx-6th Infantry Partitioning". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
  108. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 340–41.
  109. ^ "Audie Potato'due south Commissioning Oath of Office paperwork" (PDF). NARA service document.
  110. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 342.
  111. ^ Simpson, Harold B (15 June 2010). "Audie Leon Potato". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
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References

  • Basinger, Jeanine; Arnold, Jeremy (2003). The World War II Gainsay Film: Anatomy of a Genre . Wesleyan University Printing. ISBN978-0-8195-6623-2.
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  • Cavileer, Sharon (2013). Virginia Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff. World Pequot Press. ISBN978-0-7627-9520-8.
  • Champagne, Daniel R (2008). Dogface Soldiers: The Story of B Company, 15th Regiment, tertiary Infantry Partitioning: from Fedala to Salzburg, Audie Murphy and His Brothers in Arms. Merriam Printing. ISBN978-1-4357-5767-7.
  • Clarke, Jeffrey J; Smith, Robert Ross (1993). Riviera to the Rhine. U.s.a. Army in World State of war Ii. Center of Armed services History, U.s.a. Ground forces. ISBN978-0-16-025966-1.
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  • Gossett, Sue (1996). The Films and Career of Audie Murphy. Empire Publishing. ISBN978-0-944019-22-1.
  • Graham, Don (1989). No Name on the Bullet. Viking. ISBN978-0-670-81511-i.
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  • Lewis, C. Jack (2002). White Horse, Black Lid: A Quarter Century on Hollywood's Poverty Row. Scarecrow Press. ISBN978-0-8108-4358-5.
  • Lucas, John Meredyth (2004). Fourscore Odd Years in Hollywood: Memoir of a Career in Picture show and Television. McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN978-0-7864-1838-1.
  • Maltin, Leonard (2008). Leonard Maltin's 2009 Motion-picture show Guide. Feather. ISBN978-0-452-28978-ix.
  • Maslowski, Peter; Winslow, Don (2005). Looking for a Hero: Staff Sergeant Joe Ronnie Hooper and the Vietnam War. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN978-0-8032-3244-0.
  • Murphy, Audie (2002) [First published 1949]. To Hell and Back. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN978-0-8050-7086-6.
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  • Simpson, Harold B. (1975). Audie Murphy, American Soldier. Loma Jr. College Press. ISBN978-0-912172-twenty-0.
  • Spiller, Roger J; Dawson, Joseph G (2010). The Texas Armed services Feel: From the Texas Revolution Through World War 2. Texas A&G University Printing. ISBN978-one-60344-197-1.
  • Tate, J.R. (2006). Walkin' with the Ghost Whisperers. Stackpole Books. ISBN978-0-8117-4544-iv.
  • Whiting, Charles (2001). America's forgotten army: the story of the U.S. Seventh. St. Martin'southward Paperbacks. ISBN978-0-312-97655-2.
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  • Young, William H; Immature, Nancy K. (2010). World State of war II and the Postwar Years in America: A Historical and Cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN978-0-313-35652-0.

Further reading

  • Smith, David A. (2015). The Price of Valor: The Life of Audie Murphy, America'due south Nigh Decorated Hero of World War II. Regnery History. ISBN978-i-62157-317-3.

External links

  • Audie White potato at IMDb
  • Prototype of Audie Spud with unidentified man during screen examination in Los Angeles, California, 1946. Los Angeles Times Photographic Annal (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles East. Young Enquiry Library, University of California, Los Angeles.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audie_Murphy

Posted by: beckblesteth.blogspot.com

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